Sunday, April 12, 2015

Hospital Economics

Since the loss of the US Embassy contract to provide history and physical exams for Haitians applying for a visa, the hospital has been in a severe financial crisis.  This provided about $60,000US per month, which is around 60% of the hospital overhead.  Soon after that, Mdme. Clotaire hospital CEO stepped down and Edward Martin assumed the position.  His first 6 months in office have been fraught with many difficult challenges one of which is a major staff reduction.  The financial viability of the hospital has continued to struggle and many workers have not been paid for months.  The volunteer program has continued to attract patients who are unable to pay for services and further add to the deficits.  Up until this point it has been difficult to use donor money to fund this program because of a lack of accountability and the natural tendency of these subsidies to only enable continued fiscal irresponsibility.  A new Haitian CFO named Bob is changing this and Mr. Martin is steadily gaining control of the situation.  Due to these recent changes we spent significant time on this trip designing a business plan that would enable the hospital to maximize their income from patients who have resources and also to develop a formula where an equitable subsidy can help patients that are unable to cover the direct costs of their care and prevent the institution from incurring further losses.

Estimates for the allocation of total hospital resources attributable to each orthopaedic operation performed at HAH are approximately $1500USD per operation.  This includes administrative expense, generator fuel, facility maintenance etc. (indirect costs)  As volume of operations increases the per case indirect costs decrease.  However, direct costs, which make up a relatively minor portion of total costs remain relatively constant.  These are expenses like dressings, medications, and additional anesthesiologist expenses relating to any given case.  Our subsidy formula seeks to cover the direct costs of each operation which are approximately $300US for an average case.   At the end of the year we know that this will come nowhere near the amount of income needed to economically sustain the hospital.  The hope is that the volunteer program will enhance the reputation of the hospital, attract paying clientele, and encourage donations of materials and supplies and with a good business plan the hospital can become financially viable.  Volunteers should understand that the hospital may charge some of the patients receiving operations.  Donated supplies are brought to help offset hospital expenses and our spirit of charity must be intended to help build capacity of the institution and medical community and not only to give free operations to patients.

The indigent patient subsidies will be given with some criteria for the hospital to be accountable and also have a social work department in the business office to assess the economic needs of the patients and give discounts accordingly.  All too often simple pricing schemes in Haiti are used to target upper or middle class paying patients and poor people are turned away.  On the other hand if token prices are given and potential income is not collected then donors are subsidizing care for wealthy patients who could easily afford to pay.  In addition resentment is created in the medical community when wealthy patients are given discount services as this undermines the income sources for other surgeons in the city. 

Subsidies for Indigent Care
Where will this money come from?
·      Indigent patient endowment fund which has the potential to produce approximately $15,000 per year based on a principle of $300,000.  This will be largely used to fund a portion of Dr. Alexis’ salary for the portion of his work attributable no nonpaying patients
·      Volunteers – Surgical teams will be encouraged to donate sufficient funds to subsidize the operations they are performing.  Operating 20 patients who pay nothing would require $6000 of subsidy, which would be the suggested donation for a typical volunteer team.  Sometimes more or less patients will be operated, sometimes patients may be able to pay part or all of their direct costs.  Although accounting will be kept, and year-end balances will be reviewed, these subsidies will be suggested tax-deductible donations.
·      Patients themselves – even if a patient can pay $10 this will be collected and decrease the reliance on donor subsidy while also creating responsibility and commitment on the part of the patients.

Business Plan

No plan is perfect and in this environment where there is a large difference in affordability of services it is difficult to create an equitable system that serves the richest and the poorest as well as all of those in between.  The general concept will be what I call the “American Airlines Model”.  That is where all passengers arrive safely at their destination at the same time, but if you want a wider seat, warmed nuts, a washcloth and hot meal then you may be willing to pay 3x more for your ticket.  Even in economy class people may pay different amounts for equivalent seats.  At HAH we will not discriminate but if patients are willing to pay for premium rooms then let’s maximize our opportunity and provide first class service.  If they want the cheapest economy rate then let’s give them a timely and safe operation – and maybe we can add a free orange juice and bag of peanuts.

Saturday, April 4, 2015

Balance


Elaine, Dr. Alexis, Dr. Mildren PGY4, and Corey Burke MS3
My life is not necessarily in balance.  In fact, often the things we strive for most are the areas of our lives that are most lacking.  Balancing priorities at home nearly eclipsed my plans for this trip and now that I am here it seems that a good part of my busyness at home is relatively unimportant.  In many ways these trips help to keep me in better balance.  They help me realize what is important in life and what is not.  Due to my own lack of balance it is important for me to get to Haiti at least every three months.  Most people do not require such rigorous travel schedules to stay sane, but I find myself getting restless unless I am able to leave the United States and come to such a place as this on a regular basis.
More evidence of Elaine's supervision

Dr. Adrian opens a new bottle of Sevo ($200USD)
Our effectiveness as human beings, teachers, and leaders depends upon balance.  We should not be satisfied with the status quo, but nor do we want to focus only on areas of needed improvement lest we become negative and critical.  When looking at hospital economics, business plans, and the pace of operating room construction it is easy for me to get frustrated.  These vexations need not be published here but perhaps it should be known that not everyday in the mission field ends in feelings of victory and accomplishment.  In an attempt to not be overwhelmed by challenges, I have chosen to quit asking when the new operating room is going to be ready.  Nor will I be able to answer that question for anyone else.  The projected date is June 1, but realistically at the current pace it will be well beyond that.  The good news is that progress is being made, the quality of workmanship is well beyond anything I have seen here, and the provisional operating room is now so well organized that we can safely perform just about any operation there. 

The improvements and installations in the new operating room continue to impress me.  The new operating accommodations are such high quality that future surgical volunteers will not be challenged as we have been in the past.  Sometimes I wonder if they will even want to still come, as there will be less of a sense of adventure and the perception of local needs will be softened.

I continue to try and balance diplomacy with accomplishment, relationship with productivity, tolerance with perfection, optimism with reality, censure with appreciation, and rest with work.  Fortunately after 6 days of work, a day of rest has arrived.


New Haitian arrives

Mark returns patient to recovery room after operation

Chad paints pre op room with his supervisor

Mark gets morning nap as required by ACGME

Preliminary Report

Due to the efforts of Elaine Lewis (surgical tech), Dan Brown (facilities manager) and Ed Martin (administrator) major progress is being made.  When we arrived yesterday on campus there was a noticeable difference.  The wires and tubes hanging all over the front of the building have been consolidated and cleaned up, the old ambulance parked in the backyard has been relocated, the nonfunctioning rusty water tank that was “gifted” to us after the earthquake has been removed, and the makeshift dilapidated kitchen built by the supreme masters in 2010 has been destroyed.

Rose and Elaine
Thanks to Elaine the operating room is in impeccable condition.  I have never seen it so organized.  Not a single item is out of place in the sterilization room, the table is not piled up with a bunch of disorganized instruments, the sinks are clean and the shelves are labeled and neatly stacked.  Although the new operating room is still awaiting some final touches the current operating area is more than adequate to accommodate whatever cases need to be done.  A big part of doing safe surgery is being organized, having what you need when you need it, keeping equipment clean and in good working condition, and effectively using what you have.  More important than Elaine’s organizational skills is her diplomacy.  She has not done all this work herself.  She has motivated the staff, built relationships, taught them what needs to be done and shown appreciation for quality work.  They are now doing it on their own.

Before Elaine
After Elaine and Staff
I have not yet seen the progress inside the new operating room but I expect that my report will be good.  Two massive medical air/suction pumps have been installed downstairs as well as a huge circuit board.  These pumps look large enough to run the 16 operating rooms at Loma Linda University much less the 3 at HAH.  The front entrance to the operating rooms has been remodeled and looks modern and clean. 


Suction and Medical Air Compressors
This week in addition to the cases that we have to operate we plan to accomplish some administrative goals regarding the sustainability of the orthopaedic program.  Although all of us have the common goal of continuing to offer top quality services to all, it is challenging to find ways to increase revenues, make a budget, transact donations and continue to host volunteers without burdening the precarious financial situation of the hospital.

Sunday, January 11, 2015

5 Years Later

It was a balmy January afternoon 5 years ago (January 12) when the world lost contact with Port au Prince.  For me it started out as just another day in Santo Domingo with a seemingly unremarkable earthquake on my way home from work. 

Yesterday in the late afternoon as I looked over the peaceful parking lot in front of Hôpital Adventiste I thought back on the hundreds of injured victims who poured through the front gate of the hospital with life threatening injuries.  People were laying everywhere interspersed with a few dead bodies.  Some had mattresses pulled off of beds in the hospital but most were just on cardboard or nothing at all.  A tent was created out of some tarps in the front yard where wound debridements and amputations were performed while aftershocks continued to shake the building.  Both local and international volunteers soon began to arrive and do what they could to help.  Initially it was difficult to triage, organize and prioritize, but in reality it was not long before this hospital became a veritable beehive of activity and developed a strong national reputation for orthopaedic surgery.  An unprecedented amount of donor support brought in the materials and expertise needed to maintain the hospital.  Patients were coming from near and far.  Many with medical issues long pre dating the earthquake.  Operations were offered for free to all comers. 

This was the honeymoon of a mission hospital program - the beginning of a long-term relationship. It was not just a one-night stand of volunteer passion that would leave Haiti in a lurch and justify the American dream for those who came to help.  As with any relationship it has not always been smooth sailing, but in spite of its struggles the romance continues to motivate us.  We are committed for the long term and great effort is required in order to successfully face the realities of financial viability, communication, and oneness of purpose.

It can be discouraging to face the literal and figurative piles of stuff and issues around here but it is all worth it when we remember the real reasons we are here.


Chadme a 15 year old girl who was in a wheelchair due to severe knock knees caused by rickets





Julie a 15 year old girl with post traumatic deformity from earthquake fracture before and after correction with TSF




Kenn a 8 year old boy with L tibia bone deficit due to osteomyelitis.  He has had a bone transport procedure to grow 2 inches of new bone and dock the nonunion site while correcting the deformity. 




Nelson operating in the provisional operating room.  Yes we spent Saturday night cleaning up the mess in the foreground.



Elaine Lewis surgical tech and mother of 7 from Redlands who will be living at HAH with her husband for the next 6 months and organizing our operating room.


The new operating room.  Finish date TBD.  Container with equipment is still in the port


Recovery room
New lab



Interview with Dr. Nancy Snyderman medical correspondent for NBC
From NBCNews.com...

Haiti 5 Years After Deadly Earthquake
http://www.nbcnews.com/nightly-news/haiti-5-years-after-deadly-earthquake-n284141
Our host Patrick